Internal combustion engine



Aug. 20, 1935. H. A. GEHREs |=:r Al.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed March 10, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATToRNgx/sl u, Nm NW2 E. Tn wn 5 www kr S w n E.. E, m" i .2 2 N N m Sw Aug. 20, 1935. H. A. GEI-IRES Er AL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 N3 Filed March 10, 1931 /9 INi/EN r ToRS BY Wifi/4K ATTORNEYS.

Patented Aug. 20, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE D. Howard, Grove City, Pa.,

assignors to The Cooper-Bessemer Corporation, Mount Vernon, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application Maren 1o, 1931, serai 10.521.460 32 claims. (ci. 12s-69) The present invention is designed to increase the eiciency'and power of an internal combustion engine. As exemplified it is applied to a two cycle engine having the usual piston-controlled inlet and exhaust ports and a separate gas supply inlet. To this usual construction the present invention contemplates supplying additional sur-charging air after the closing of the piston-controlled inlet and exhaust ports so that the final explosive mixture may be increased and the power and eiiiciency of the engine correspondingly increased. Under some conditions the introduction of this auxiliary, or sur-charging air may be utilized in assisting in scavenging the cylinder prior to the closure of the exhaust port and also in bringing about a more thorough mixture of the fuel and air in the cylinder prior to the ignition. The present invention also contemplates a simple and convenient method of control of the power of the engine and in accomplishing this a control of the auxiliary, or sin'- charging air, in connection with the fuel, may be conveniently utilized for controlling the explosive mixture. The invention also contemplates a simple and convenient means of compressing and delivering the main and auxiliary air supplies to the cylinder and also the fuel thereto. Further features and details of the invention will appear from the specification and claims.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings as follows:-

Fig. 1 shows a central vertical section of the engine on the line I-I in Figs. 2 and 3.

Fig. la shows a. plan View of the control linkage.

Fig. 2 shows a section on the line Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows a horizontal section on the line 3-3 in Figs. l, 2 and 4.

Fig. 4 shows a side elevation, partly in section, on the line B- in Figs. 2 and 3.

I marks the engine frame. A-power cylinder 2 is mounted on this frame. It is provided with the usual water-cooled jacket 2a and cylinder head 3. A power piston 4 operates in this cylinder andis connected by a piston rod 5 with a cross head 6, the cross head being of piston form and operating in a guide cylinder l. A pitman rod 8 extends from the cross head to a crank 9, the crank operating a crank shaft l mounted in the usual bearings in the frame. The power cylinder is provided with an air inlet port I l and exhaust port l2. These are piston-controlled in the common manner of two cycle engines, the

l Aon the compression stroke of the power pistonv and compressed during the power stroke of the piston and transferred from the chamber l5 through a bypass a to the inlet port Il, scavenging the power cylinder of burnt gases and discharging them through the exhaust port and lling the power cylinder with air for combustion.

A gas delivering pump cylinder I6 is secured on the side of the power cylinder and a passage I1 connects the water jacket of the power cylinder with a water jacket l'la on the gas pump. The pllmger I8 of the gas pump has an operating rod I9 extending to a cross head 20. The cross head operates in a guide 2| mounted in an auxiliary frame 22 secured on the side of the main frame. A pitman 23 connects the cross head with a crank 24, said crank being on the end of the Y crank shaft l0. Gas is supplied through a pipe 25 and passes a control valve 26 to the pump cylinder. The piston is provided with a springcontrolled inlet valve 28 through which the gas passes on the outward stroke of the piston and which closes on the compression stroke of the piston, or plunger I8. The gas is delivered from the gas pump by way of a pipe 29 and through a spring-loaded gas inlet valve 30 to the power cylinder. The crank 24 is so positioned relatively to the main crank of the engine as to time the lifting of the spring-loaded valve and the introduction of gas in such a manner as to prevent the loss of gas through the exhaust port but to accomplish the introduction early in the compression stroke of the power cylinder. Preferably this introduction starts prior to the closing of the exhaust port while there is still movement of air in the power cylinder in lthat such an introduction accomplishes a more thorough mix- -ture of the air and gas.

The guide cylinder l is provided with a head 3i and with a stuiiing box 31a through which the piston rod 5 operates. Thus the cross head and guide of the engine are utilized in forming an auxiliary compressor. Air is delivered to the guide cylinder 'l by way of a passage 32 and inlet valve 33. Air is discharged from the cylinder past the discharge valve 34, passage 35, connection 36 to the pipe 3l. The pipe V3'l leads to a receiver 38 and a pipe 3S leads from the receiver past the spring-loaded non-return valve 4U to the power cylinder. This aum'liary, or sur-charging air is preferably delivered at the head end of the cylinder in that this part of the cylinder is apt to be over-rich in fuel and consequently there is accomplished a more thorough mixture of the air and gas in the cylinder. The valve 40 opens directly following the opening of the exhaust port and the introduction of this air assists in scavenging the cylinder, particularly that part of the cylinder in which the burnt gases are apt to be pocketed. After the closing of the exhaust port air is continued to be delivered by way of the valve 40, thus sur-charging the power cylinder Withair and permitting the use of a greater charge of fuel.

A magneto 4| is actuated from a governor shaft 42 which is driven by a chain 43 from the crank shaft I0. The magneto is connected (connection not shown) with a spark plug 44 timing a spark for ignition at the proper moment.

The governor is driven from a beveled gear 45 on the shaft 42 and this meshes with a beveled,

pinion 46 on a governor spindle 41. The governor is the ordinary centrifugal governor type having the centrifugal elements 48 operating on a head 49. The movement of the head is communicated through a bell crank lever 50 and link 5I to a rock lever 52. The rock lever is mounted on a shaft 53 carried by the frame of the engine. A second rock lever 54 is also fixed on the shaft 53 and is connected by a link 55 with a rock arm 56. The rock arm 56 is fixed on a spindle 51 of a butterfly valve 51a, the butterfly valve working between shoulders 58 having cylindrically formed surfaces therein operating in relation to the closing edges of the valve. A third rock arm 59 is fixed on the shaft 53 and this is connected by a link 60 with a rock arm 6|. 'I'his rock arm is fixed on a spindle 62 carrying the butterfly valve 63 of the fuel control valve 26.

The control of the engine, therefore, involves a control of the sur-charging air and fuel and these are controlled with relation to each other and through this a mixture may be maintained which is economical at small loads, thus giving a wide range of power for the engine. By making the surface 58 of considerable length the introducti-on of sur-charging air may be retarded and the control during the very light loads be accomplished through a regulation of the fuel gas alone, the sur-charging air being admitted and gradually increased to take care of the heavier loads.

With this construction it is possible to increase to a very great extent the power output of the engine, thus decreasing the initial cost for a given power output. It also increases the emciency, flexibility and available power range.

We have herein described a preferred embodiment of the invention, but it will be understood that variations of the engine asexemplied may be made without departing from the invention and this is particularly so with relation to the sur-charging of the power cylinder after the closing of the discharge opening, or the exhaust port of the cylinder.

What we claim as new isz- 1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said' discharge; gaseous fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; means delivering air to the cylinder 'during the period the discharge isopen for scavenging the cylinder and supplying the cylinder with combustion air; and a mechanism separate from the means delivering air-for sur-charging the cylinder after the closure of the discharge.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge; gaseous fuel delivering devices' for the cylinder; mechanism delivering combustion air to the cylinder; and auxiliary means operating separately from the mechanism and delivering sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge; gaseous fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; mechanism delivering combustion air to the cylinder; and auxiliary means operating separately from the mechanism delivering air during the period the discharge is open and sur-charging the cylinder with air during the compression stroke, said mechanism and means operating in step with the piston.

4. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge; gaseous fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; mechanism delivering scavenging and combustion air to the cylinder before the closure ofthe discharge; and auxiliary means operating separately from the mechanism admitting sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston, said mechanism and means operating in step with the piston.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combinationV of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge; fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; mechanism delivering combustion air to the cylinder; and auxiliary means admitting sur-charging air independently of the fuel to the cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston, the admission of the sur-charging air being adjacent to the point of admission of the fuel, said mechanism and means operating in step with the piston.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means -controlling said discharge; gaseous fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; mechanism delivering combustion air to the cylinder; and auxiliary means admitting sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston, the admission of the surcharging air being adjacent to the point of admission of the fuel, said mechanism and means operating in step with the piston.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the cylinder controlling said ports; means delivering gaseous fuel to the cylinder; means delivering air to the cylinder during the period the exhaust port is open for scavenging the cylinder and supplying the cylinder with combustion air; and mechanism operating independently of the means delivering air for sur-charging the cylinder after the closure of the exhaust port.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the cylinder controlling said ports; means delivering gaseous fuel to the cylinder; mechanism delivering air to the inlet port; and means operating independently of the mechanism delivering sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke.

9. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the cylinder controlling said ports; means delivering gaseous fuel to the cylinder; mechanism delivering air to the inlet port; and means operating separately from the mechanism and delivering sur-charging air independently of the fuel to the cylinder after the closure of the exhaust port.

10. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge; gaseous fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; and means delivering air to the cylinder during the period the discharge is open for scavenging the cylinder and supplying the cylinder with combustion air, said'means delivering sur-charging air to the cylinder after the discharge is closed, said gaseous fuel delivering devices comprising a gas pump timed to deliver gas through its compression with relation to the closure of the exhaust to prevent loss of said gas during the discharge.

l1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge; gaseous fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; mechanism delivering combustion air to the cylinder; and auxiliary means admitting sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston, the gaseous fuel delivering devices comprising a gas pump timed to deliver gas through its compression with relation to the closure of the discharge to prevent loss of said gas through the discharge.

12. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge; gaseous fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; mechanism delivering scavenging and combustion air to the cylinder before the closure of the discharge; and auxiliary means admitting surcharging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston, the gaseous fuel delivering devices comprising a gas pump timed to deliver gas through its compression With relation to the closure of the discharge to prevent loss of said gas through the discharge.

13. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the cylinder controlling said ports; means delivering gaseous fuel to the power cylinder comprising a pump timing the delivery of fuel through the compression of the pump; and means delivering air to the cylinder during the period the exhaust port is opened for scavenging the cylinder and supplying the cylinder with combustion air, said means delivering sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke.

14. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the cylinder controlling said ports; means delivering gaseous fuel to the power cylinder comprising a pump timing the delivery of fuel through the compression of the pump; mechanism delivering air to the inlet port; and means delivering sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke.

15. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the cylinder' controlling said ports; means delivering gaseous fuel to the cylinder comprising a pump timing the delivery of fuel through the compression of the pump; mechanism delivering air to the inlet port; and means delivering sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke, said fuel delivery being timed with relation to the closure of the exhaust port to prevent loss of fuel past the exhaust port. v

16. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling'said'discharge; gaseous fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; mechanism delivering scavenging and combustion air to the cylinder before the closure of the discharge; auxiliary means admitting sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston, the gaseous fuel delivering devices comprising a gas pump timed to deliver gas through its compression with relation to the closure of the discharge to prevent loss of said gas through the discharge; and means varying the pump charges to vary Athe power of the engine.

17. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the cylinder controlling said ports; means delivering gaseous fuel to the cylinder comprising a pump timing the delivery of fuel through the compression of the pump; mechanism delivering air to the inlet port; means delivering sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke; and means varying the pump charges to vary the power of the engine.

18. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the cylinder controlling said ports; means delivering gaseous fuel to the cylinder comprising a pump timing the delivery of fuel through the compression of the pump; mechanism delivering' air to the inlet port; means delivering sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke, said fuel delivery being timed with relation to the closure of the exhaust port to prevent loss of fuel past the exhaust port; and means varying the pump charges to vary the power of the engine.

19. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge; fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; mechanism delivering combustion air to the cylinder; auxiliary means admitting sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston; and means varying the sur-charging air.

20. In an internal combustion engine, the combination. of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge;

- gaseous fuel delivering devices for the cylinder;

mechanism delivering combustion air to the cylinder; auxiliary means admitting sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston; and means varying the sur-charging air.

2l. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge; gaseous fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; mechanism delivering scavenging and combustion air to the cylinder before the closure of the discharge; auxiliary means admitting sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston; and means varying the sur-charging air.

22. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge; fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; mechanism delivering combustion air to the cylinder; auxiliary means admitting sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston; and means varying the fueldelive'ry and the sur-charging air.

23. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge; gaseous fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; mechanism delivering combustion air to the cylinder; auxiliary means admitting sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston; and means varying the fuel delivery and the sur-charging air.

24. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge; gaseous fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; mechanism delivering scavenging and combustion air to the cylinder before the closure of the discharge; auxiliary means admitting sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke; and meansvarying the fuel delivery and the surcharging air.

25. In an internal combustion'engine, the combination of a cylinder having a discharge for burnt gases; means controlling said discharge; gaseous fuel delivering devices for the cylinder; mechanism delivering scavenging and combustion air to the cylinder before the closure of the discharge; auxiliary means admitting sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke of the piston, the gaseous fuel delivering devices comprising a gas pump timed to deliver gas through its compression with relation to the closure of the discharge to prevent loss of said gas through the discharge; and means varying the charge delivered by the pump and the sur-charging air.

26. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the cylinder controlling said ports; means delivering gaseous fuel to the cylinder comprising a pump timing the delivery of fuel through the compression of the pump; mechanism delivering air to the inlet port; means delivering sur-charging air to the cylinder during the compression stroke, said delivery being timed with relation to the closure of the exhaust port to prevent loss of fuel past the exhaust port; and means varying the charge delivered by the pump and the sur-charging air.

27. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the cylinder; a compression chamber bypassing to the inlet port and responding to the action of the power piston; a piston rod connected with the power piston and a cross head piston; a guide cylinder in which the cross head piston operates; a crank; a pitman between the cross head piston and the crank; a closure and compressor valves for the guide cylinder; and a connection from the guide cylinder to the power cylinder conveying air to the power cylinder during the period the exhaust port is open and delivering air after the closing of the exhaust port forsupplying the cylinder with sur-charging air.

28. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the cylinder; a compression chamber bypassing to the inlet port and responding to the action of the power piston; a piston rod connected with the power piston1 and a cross head piston; a guide cylinder in which the cross head piston operates; a crank; a pitman between the cross head piston and the, crank; a closure and compressor valves for the guide cylinder; and a connection from the guide cylpiston rod connected with the power piston and a cross head piston; a guide cylinder in which the cross head piston operates; a crank; a pitman between the cross lhead piston and the crank; a closure and compressor valves for the guide cylinder; a connection from the guide cylinder to the power cylinder conveying sur-charging air to the power cylinder; and a receiver in said connection.

30. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a power cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the power cylinder; a chamber responsive to the Iaction of the power piston and having a bypass leading to the inlet port; a pump delivering gaseous fuel to the cylinder; a piston rod extending from the power piston; a cross head guide of piston form connected with the rod; a guide cylinder in which the cross head piston operates; a closure and compressor valves for the guide cylinder; a connection between the guide cylinder and the power cylinder supplying sur-charging air to the power cylinder; a control valve controlling the inlet to the pump; and means responsive to the engine speed controlling the control valve.

31. In an-internal combustion engine, the combination of a power cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the power cylinder; a chamber responsive to the action of the power piston bypassing to the inlet port; a pump delivering gaseous fuel to the cylinder; a piston rod extending from the power piston; a cross head of piston form connected with the rod; va guide cylinder in which the cross head piston operates; a closure and compressor valves for the guide cylinder; a connection between the guide cylinder and the powercylinder supplying sur-charging air to the power cylinder; a control valve controlling the inlet to the guide cylinder; and a control means responsive to `the engine speed controlling said control yalve.

32. In an internal combustion engin, the combination of a power cylinder having inlet and exhaust ports; a power piston in the power cylinder; a chamber responsive to "the action of the power piston bypassing to the inlet port; a pump delivering gaseous fuel to the cylinder; a piston rod extending from the power piston; a guide cylinder in which the cross head piston operates; a closure and compressor valves for the guide cylinder: a connection between the guide cylinder and the powercylinder supplying sur-charging air to the power cylinder; control valves'controlling the inlets to the gas-pump and the guide cylinder; and a control meansesfionding to variations in the speed of the engine controlling said inlet valves.

HEWI'I'I A. GEHRES. CECIL D. HOWARD. Y 

